Izindwangu eziluniwe zenziwa ikakhulukazi ngemicu yamuphi ukwakheka

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zezindwangu ezinithiwe zihlanganisa: ukotini, i-viscose, i-polyester, i-acrylic, inayiloni, i-hemp, uvolo, usilika, i-spandex nokunye.

Iziphi izincazelo nezici zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezingavuthiwe?

1. I-Cotton Fiber

Ifayibha kakotini iwuhlobo lwefayibha yembewu eyenziwe ngokwandisa nokujiya amaseli e-epidermal e-ovule evundisiwe, ehlukile kune-bast fiber evamile. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko yi-cellulose. I-Cellulose iyi-polymer yemvelo. Okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose ukotini ovamile ovuthiwe cishe kungama-94%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe inani elincane le-polypetalous, wax, amaprotheni, amafutha, izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini, umlotha nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezihambisanayo. Ukotini i-fiber ine amandla aphezulu, ukungena komoya okuhle, ukumelana nokushwabana okungekuhle kanye nempahla entengantengayo. Ukumelana nokushisa okuhle, okwesibili kuphela ku-hemp; Ukumelana ne-asidi okungalungile, kunciphisa ukumelana ne-alkali ekamelweni lokushisa; Inobudlelwano obuhle bodayi, ukudaya kalula, i-chromatography ephelele kanye nombala ogqamile. Ngenxa yokuthi ifayibha kakotini inezinto eziningi ezinhle kakhulu, futhi ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibalulekile embonini yendwangu.

2. I-Viscose

I-Viscose, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukotini womuntu, iwuhlobo lwefayibha eyenziwe umuntu. I-Viscose fiber iwuhlobo oluyinhloko lwefayibha eyenziwe umuntu kanye nohlobo lwesibili ngobukhulu lwefayibha yamakhemikhali e-China. Impahla eyinhloko ye-viscose fiber i-pulp yamakhemikhali, kufaka phakathi i-pulp kakotini kanye ne-wood pulp. I-cellulose ehlanzekile ihlukaniswa futhi ivuselelwe ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali. I-Viscose fiber inempahla enhle ye-hygroscopic, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zomkhathi. Izinga lokubuyisa umswakama licishe libe ngu-13%. Ngemuva kokunwetshwa kwe-hygroscopic, ububanzi bungathuthukiswa ngo-50%, ngakho-ke indwangu ye-viscose izwa kanzima ngemva kwamanzi, izinga lokuncipha likhulu. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali efiber ye-viscose kufana nokotini, ngakho-ke ayizwani ne-alkali kakhulu kune-asidi, kodwa ukumelana ne-alkali kanye nokumelana ne-asidi kubi kunokotini. Impahla yokudaya ye-viscose fiber iqhathaniswa nekakotini. Ifayibha ye-Viscose inesakhiwo esihle se-hygroscopic, kulula ukuyingcolisa, akulula ukukhiqiza ugesi omile, futhi inokuphotha okuhle, osetshenziswa kakhulu emigqeni ehlukahlukene yendwangu, izingubo kanye neminye.

Indwangu eyenziwe nge-viscose fiber ithambile, ibushelelezi, iyaphefumula futhi ikhululekile ukugqokwa. Inombala ogqamile kanye nokushesha kombala omuhle ngemva kokudaywa. Ifanele ukwenza izingubo zangaphansi, izingubo zangaphandle kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokuhlobisa.

3. I-Acrylic Fibre

I-Acrylic fiber iyifayibha yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-polyacrylonitrile noma i-acrylonitrile copolymer equkethe ngaphezu kuka-85% acrylonitrile. Ukunwebeka kwe-Acrylic fiber kuhle. Ukwelulwa okungu-20% wesilinganiso sokuphindaphinda kusengagcina u-65%, ama-curl athambile futhi athambile. I-acrylic fiber inokuqina okuhle kakhulu, futhi amandla ayo ehla kuphela ngama-20% lapho ibekwe endaweni evulekile unyaka wonke. Ukusebenza kwe-acrylic fiber ifana kakhulu noboya. Ukugcina ukushisa kuphakeme ngo-15% kunovolo, okwaziwa ngokuthi uboya bokwenziwa. Inezinzuzo zokuthambile, ukukhukhumeza, ukudaya okulula, umbala ogqamile, ukumelana nokukhanya, i-antibacterial, ukungesabi izinambuzane nokunye. Ngokwezidingo zokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, kungaba ukuphothwa okumsulwa noma kuhlanganiswe nemicu yemvelo. Izindwangu zayo zivame ukusetshenziswa kwezimpahla zokugqoka, zokuhlobisa, imboni kanye neminye imikhakha.

4. I-polyester

I-polyester fiber iyifayibha yokwenziwa ekhiqizwa i-polyester ephothayo okuyi-polycondensation ye-organic dibasic acid kanye ne-dibasic alcohol. Yasungulwa ngo-1941, iyinhlobonhlobo yokuqala enkulu ye-synthetic fiber. I-polyester i-fiber inzuzo enkulu yokumelana nemibimbi kanye nempahla ehambisanayo iwusizo kakhulu, inamandla aphezulu kanye nekhono lokululama elinwebekayo. Iqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, ayizwani nokushwabana, ayinaku-ayina, ayinti. I-polyester fiber inamandla aphakeme, i-modulus ephezulu kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi. Isetshenziswa kabanzi njengendwangu yomphakathi kanye nendwangu yezimboni. Njengempahla yendwangu, i-polyester staple fiber ingaphothwa kuphela futhi ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuxutshwa neminye imicu. Ingahlanganiswa nemicu yemvelo efana nekotini, i-hemp noboya, kanye nemicu eyengeziwe yamakhemikhali eyisisekelo efana ne-viscose, i-acetate ne-polyacrylonitrile. Indwangu efana nekotini, efana noboya kanye ne-flacy eyenziwe ngokuphotha okumsulwa noma ukuxutshwa ngokuvamile inezici zangempela ezinhle kakhulu ze-polyester fiber, njengokumelana nokushwabana nokubamba, ukuqina kwe-dimensional, ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokugqokeka kwendwangu, kuyilapho amaphutha okuqala e-polyester fiber, njengogesi omile kanye nobunzima bokudaya ekucutshungulweni kwendwangu, ukumuncwa komjuluko okungekuhle kanye nokungena komoya, kanye nokuncibilika kalula emigodini uma kwenzeka i-Mars, njll. Ingancishiswa futhi ithuthukiswe ngengxube ye-hydrophilic. i-fiber ngezinga elithile. Umcu osontekile we-polyester usetshenziswa kakhulu ukuluka izindwangu ezinjengosilika. Ingabuye ihlanganiswe nemicu yemvelo noma intambo eyisisekelo yamakhemikhali, noma ngosilika noma eminye imicu yamakhemikhali. Le interweave igcina uchungechunge lwezinzuzo ze-polyester.

Intambo ye-Polyester textured (ikakhulukazi i-DTY enwebekayo ephansi) ihlukile kunentambo evamile ye-polyester filament e-fluffiness ephezulu, i-crimp enkulu, izinwele eziqinile, ukuthambile kanye nokuphakama okunwebeka okuphakeme (kufika ku-400%). Indwangu eboshwe inezici zokugcinwa kokufudumala okuthembekile, ikhava enhle kanye ne-drape, i-luster ethambile nokunye. Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukuluka izindwangu zesudi njengendwangu efana noboya neserge, izingubo zangaphandle, amajazi nezindwangu zokuhlobisa ezihlukahlukene njengamakhethini, indwangu yetafula, indwangu kasofa nokunye.

5. Inayiloni

Inayiloni, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Polyamide, yathuthukiswa usosayensi waseMelika ovelele u-Carothers kanye nethimba locwaningo lwesayensi ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe. Bekungokokuqala ngqa ukuthi i-synthetic fiber emhlabeni. Inayiloni igama le-polyamide fiber (inayiloni). Ukubonakala kwenayiloni kwenza izindwangu zibukeke zintsha ngokuphelele. Ukuhlanganiswa kwayo kuyimpumelelo enkulu embonini yefayibha yokwenziwa, kodwa futhi kuyingqopha-mlando ebaluleke kakhulu kumakhemikhali e-polymer. Inzuzo evelele kakhulu yenayiloni ukuthi ukumelana nokugqokwa kuphakeme kunawo wonke amanye amafayibha, ukumelana nokugqokwa kuphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-10 kunokotini, izikhathi eziphindwe ka-20 kunoboya, ukwengeza kancane imicu inayiloni endwangu ehlanganisiwe, kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana kwayo nokugqokwa. , lapho welulelwa ku-3-6%, izinga lokubuyisela okunwebekayo lingafinyelela ku-100%; Ingakwazi ukumelana namashumi ezinkulungwane zokugoba ngaphandle kokuphuka. Amandla efayibha enayiloni aphakeme izikhathi ezi-1-2 kunokotini, izikhathi ezi-4-5 ziphakeme kunezoboya, futhi izikhathi ezi-3 kune-viscose fiber. Kodwa-ke, i-polyamide fiber inokushisa okungekuhle kanye nokumelana nokukhanya kanye nokugcinwa kabi, okwenza izingubo zingabi crispy njenge-polyester. Ifayibha enayiloni ingaxutshwa noma iphothwe ezinhlobonhlobo zezingubo zokuluka. Umcu wenayiloni usetshenziswa embonini yokuluka kanye nekasilika, njengamasokisi enayiloni, i-gauze yenayiloni, inethi yomiyane, ileyisi yenayiloni, izingubo zangaphandle zenayiloni ezinwebeka, usilika wenayiloni noma imikhiqizo kasilika ehlanganisiwe. Inayiloni i-staple fiber isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlanganisa uvolo noma eminye imikhiqizo ye-chemical fiber wool ukwenza ukuguga okuhlukahlukene – izindwangu ezimelana nezifo.

6. I-Flax Fiber

I-Flax fiber iyifayibha etholakala ezitshalweni eziningi zefilakisi. I-Flax fiber iyifayibha ye-cellulose indwangu yayo inezakhiwo ezifanayo nokotini. I-Flax Fiber (okuhlanganisa i-ramie nefilakisi) ingaphothwa ibe msulwa noma ihlanganiswe ibe yindwangu. I-Linen inezici zamandla aphezulu, ukumuncwa komswakama okusebenzayo kanye ne-conductivity eqinile yokushisa, ikakhulukazi amandla e-fiber yokuqala yemvelo. iflakisi fibre inezinzuzo ukuthi eminye imicu engenakuqhathaniswa: inomsebenzi wokumunca kahle umswakama kanye nokukhipha umoya, ukushisa okusheshayo nokuqhutshwa, okupholile futhi okucwebile, ukujuluka akusondeli, ukuthungwa okukhanyayo, amandla aqinile, ukuvimbela izinambuzane nokukhunta, ugesi ongashintshi. , Indwangu akulula ukuyingcolisa, umbala othambile futhi ophanayo, omahhadlahhadla, ofanele ukukhishwa nokukhishwa kwesikhumba somuntu. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-fibre yefilakisi kunqunyelwe ngenxa yokunwebeka kwayo okuncane, ukumelana ne-crease, ukumelana nemihuzuko kanye nomuzwa wokuklwebheka. Noma kunjalo, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokwelapha ngaphambi nangemva kokucubungula, amanye amaphutha emvelo athuthukiswe kakhulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi phakathi kwemicu eminingi yendwangu, i-filakisi i-fibre iyifayibha yemvelo esebenza kakhulu. I-flax fiber ibilokhu ingomunye wemicu yendwangu eyinhloko e-China futhi ijabulela idumela eliphezulu emhlabeni.

7. Uvolo

Uvolo wenziwa ikakhulukazi ngamaprotheni. Ukusetshenziswa komuntu koboya kungalandelelwa emuva eNkathini Ye-Neolithic, kusukela e-Asia Ephakathi kuya eMedithera nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ukusabalala, ngaleyo ndlela kube yimpahla yendwangu eyinhloko e-Asia naseYurophu. Izintambo zoboya zithambile futhi ziyanwebeka, futhi zingasetshenziswa ukwenza izindwangu ezifana noboya, uvolo, izingubo zokulala, imizwa nezingubo. Imikhiqizo yoboya inothile lapho ithinta, igcina ukushisa okuhle, ikhululekile ukugqoka njalonjalo. Uvolo uyimpahla esetshenziswayo ebalulekile embonini yendwangu. Inezinzuzo zokunwebeka okuhle, ukumuncwa komswakama okuhlala isikhathi eside nokugcina ukushisa okuhle. Kodwa ngenxa yenani eliphezulu, ukotini, i-viscose, i-polyester nokunye ukusetshenziswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-fiber. Izindwangu zoboya zidume ngesitayela sazo esikhululekile sobuhle nokunethezeka, futhi i-cashmere ikakhulukazi inedumela “legolide elithambile”.

8. Usilika

Usilika, owaziwa nangokuthi usilika ongahluziwe, uwuhlobo lwefayibha yemvelo. Umuntu wasebenzisa omunye wemicu yezilwane ezinkulu. Usilika uyingxenye yemikhiqizo yempucuko yaseShayina yasendulo. Usilika uyifayibha ephilayo elula kunazo zonke, ethambile futhi ehamba phambili kunazo zonke emvelweni. Ingabuyiselwa kalula esimweni sayo sokuqala ngemva kokususwa emandleni angaphandle. Indwangu kasilika inomoya omuhle kakhulu wokungena komoya kanye nokungena komswakama. Usilika wakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngamaprotheni ezilwane futhi ucebile ngezinhlobo ezingu-18 zama-amino acid abalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, angakhuthaza ubungqabavu bamangqamuzana esikhumba futhi avimbele ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi. Ukugqoka isikhathi eside kwendwangu kasilika kungavimbela ukuguga kwesikhumba futhi kunomphumela okhethekile wokulwa nokulunywa kwezinye izifo zesikhumba. Indwangu kasilika inedumela "lesikhumba sesibili somzimba womuntu" kanye "nendlovukazi ye-fiber".

9. Spandex

I-Spandex iwuhlobo lwefayibha enwebekayo, igama elihlelekile le-polyurethane fiber. ISpandex yathuthukiswa ngempumelelo yiBayer eJalimane ngo-1937, futhi iDuPont e-United States yaqala ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni ngo-1959. ISpandex inokunwebeka okuhle kakhulu. Amandla aphakeme izikhathi ezi-2 ~ 3 kunawe-latex silk, ukuminyana komugqa kucolekile, futhi amelana kakhulu nokuwohloka kwamakhemikhali. I-Spandex ine-asidi enhle ne-alkaline ukumelana, ukumelana nokujuluka, ukumelana namanzi olwandle, ukumelana nokuhlanza okomile kanye nokungagugi.

I-Spandex iyifayibha yokwenziwa enebude obumangalisayo (ngaphezu kuka-400%), i-modulus ephansi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokululama lokunwebeka. Ngenxa yokuthi i-spandex inezinga eliphezulu lokunwebeka, ingasetshenziswa ukwakha izingubo ezinwebeka kakhulu. Okufana nalokhu: Izingubo zemidlalo ezichwepheshile, isudi yokuqina, isudi yokuntywila, isudi yokubhukuda, isudi yokubhukuda yokuncintisana, isudi yebasketball, ubhodisi, ama-suspenders, amabhulukwe e-ski, i-jean, amabhulukwe, amasokisi, okokufudumala imilenze, amanabukeni, amathayithi, izingubo zangaphansi, i-onesie, izingubo ezilingana kakhulu, i-lacing, izingubo ezivikelayo zokuhlinzwa, izingubo ezivikelayo zamandla okusebenza, ukugibela ibhayisikili elinemikhono emifushane, ivesti ye-wrestling, isudi yokugwedla, izingubo zangaphansi, izingubo zokusebenza, Izingubo zekhwalithi, njll.