Masela a lohiloeng a entsoe haholo ka likhoele tsa sebopeho sefe

Likarolo tse kholo tsa masela a lohiloeng li kenyelletsa: k'hothone, viscose, polyester, acrylic, nylon, hemp, ulu, silika, spandex joalo-joalo.

Litlhaloso le litšoaneleho tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa ke life?

1. Cotton Fiber

Cotton fiber ke mofuta oa fiber ea peo e entsoeng ka ho lelefatsa le ho tiisa lisele tsa epidermal tsa ovule e nonneng, e fapaneng le fiber e tloaelehileng ea bast. Karolo ea eona ea mantlha ke cellulose. Cellulose ke polima ea tlhaho. Likahare tsa cellulose tsa k'hothone e butsoitseng e tloaelehileng li ka ba 94%. Ho phaella moo, e na le palo e nyenyane ea polypetalous, boka, protheine, mafura, lintho tse qhibilihang ka metsing, molora le lintho tse ling tse amanang le tsona. Cotton fiber e na le matla a phahameng, ho phunyeletsa ha moea o motle, ho fokola ha mats'oenyeho le thepa e fokolang. Ho hanyetsa mocheso o motle, oa bobeli feela ho hemp; Ho hanyetsa acid e fokolang, ho fokotsa khanyetso ea alkali mocheso oa kamore; E na le kamano e ntle bakeng sa dae, ho daea habonolo, chromatography e felletseng le 'mala o khanyang. Hobane fiber ea k'hothone e na le lintho tse ngata tse ntle haholo, hape ke e 'ngoe ea lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa indasteri ea masela.

2. Viscose

Viscose, e tsejoang hape e le k'hothone ea motho, ke mofuta oa fiber e entsoeng ke motho. Viscose fiber ke mofuta o ka sehloohong oa fiber e entsoeng ke motho le mofuta oa bobeli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa fiber ea lik'hemik'hale Chaena. Lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa fiber ea viscose ke makhasi a lik'hemik'hale, ho kenyeletsoa makhasi a k'hothone le makhasi a patsi. Selulose e hloekileng e arotsoe 'me e nchafatsoa ke karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale. Fiber ea Viscose e na le thepa e ntle ea hygroscopic, tlas'a maemo a sepakapaka ka kakaretso. Sekhahla sa ho khutlisa mongobo ke hoo e ka bang 13%. Ka mor'a ho atolosoa ha hygroscopic, bophara bo ka ntlafatsoa ka 50%, kahoo lesela la viscose le ikutloa le le thata ka mor'a metsi, tekanyo ea ho fokotseha e kholo. Motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale oa fiber ea viscose o tšoana le k'hothone, kahoo e hanyetsa alkali ho feta acid, empa ho hanyetsa alkali le ho hanyetsa asiti ho mpe ho feta k'hothone. Thepa ea ho daea ea viscose fiber e tšoana le ea k'hothone. Fiber ea Viscose e na le thepa e ntle ea hygroscopic, e bonolo ho silafatsa, ha e bonolo ho hlahisa motlakase o tsitsitseng, 'me e na le bokhoni bo botle ba ho bilika, bo sebelisoang haholo mefuteng e fapaneng ea masela, liaparo le masimo a mang.

Lesela le entsoeng ka fiber ea viscose le bonolo, le boreleli, le phefumoloha ebile le phutholohile ho apara. E na le 'mala o khanyang le lebelo le letle la' mala ka mor'a ho daea. E loketse ho etsa liaparo tsa ka hare, liaparo tsa ka ntle le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa mekhabiso.

3. Acrylic Fiber

Acrylic fiber ke fiber ea maiketsetso e entsoeng ka polyacrylonitrile kapa acrylonitrile copolymer e nang le ho feta 85% acrylonitrile. Acrylic fiber elasticity e ntle. Elongation 20% ea sekhahla sa rebound e ntse e ka boloka 65%, fluffy curl le bonolo. Fiber ea acrylic e na le botsitso bo babatsehang, 'me matla a eona a fokotseha feela ka 20% ha e pepesehetse sebakeng se bulehileng ka selemo. Tshebetso ya acrylic fiber e tshoana haholo le boya. Ho boloka mocheso o phahame ka 15% ho feta boea, bo tsejoang e le boea ba maiketsetso. E na le melemo ea bonolo, boikhohomoso, ho daea habonolo, 'mala o khanyang, ho hanyetsa khanya, antibacterial, ho se tšabe likokoanyana joalo-joalo. Ho latela litlhoko tsa ts'ebeliso e fapaneng, e ka ba e ohliloeng hantle kapa e kopantsoe le likhoele tsa tlhaho. Masela a eona a sebelisoa hangata liaparong, mokhabisong, indastering le mafapheng a mang.

4. Polyester

Polyester fiber ke fiber ea maiketsetso e hlahisoang ke polyester e ohiang e leng polycondensation ea organic dibasic acid le dibasic alcohol. E qapiloe ka 1941, ke mofuta oa pele o moholo oa fiber ea maiketsetso. Polyester fiber ke molemo o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa ho hanyetsa wrinkles le thepa ea conformal e molemo haholo, e nang le matla a phahameng le bokhoni ba ho hlaphoheloa. E matla 'me e tšoarella, ha e sosobane, ha e aene, ha e na thupa. Polyester fiber e na le matla a holimo, modulus e phahameng le ho monya metsi a tlase. E sebelisoa haholo joalo ka lesela la lehae le lesela la indasteri. Joalo ka masela a masela, fiber ea polyester e ka ohloa feela 'me e loketse haholo ho tsoakoa le likhoele tse ling. E ka kopanngoa le likhoele tsa tlhaho tse kang k'hothone, hemp le boea, hammoho le likhoele tse eketsehileng tsa lik'hemik'hale tse kang viscose, acetate le polyacrylonitrile. Masela a kang k'hothone, a kang boea le a boreleli a entsoeng ka ho ohia ka mokhoa o hloekileng kapa ho tsoakoa ka kakaretso a na le litšobotsi tse ntle tsa pele tsa fiber ea polyester, joalo ka khanyetso ea wrinkle le ho ts'oara, botsitso ba sebopeho, ho sesa le ho apara lesela le ka hlatsuoang, athe mefokolo ea mantlha ea fiber ea polyester, joalo ka motlakase o sa fetoheng le mathata a ho daea ha ho sebetsa masela, ho monya mofufutso o mobe le ho kenella ha moea, le ho qhibiliha habonolo ka mekoting ha ho etsahala Mars, joalo-joalo E ka fokotsoa le ho ntlafatsoa ka motsoako oa hydrophilic. fiber ho isa tekanyong e itseng. Likhoele tse sothehileng tsa polyester li sebelisoa haholo-holo ho loha masela a sa tšoaneng a kang silika. E ka boela ea lohuoa le likhoele tsa tlhaho kapa khoele e tloaelehileng ea lik'hemik'hale, kapa ka silika kapa likhoele tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale. Motsoako ona o boloka letoto la melemo ea polyester.

Khoele e entsoeng ka polyester (haholo-holo e tlaase ea restic DTY) e fapane le khoele e tloaelehileng ea polyester filament ea fluffiness e phahameng, crimp e kholo, moriri o matla, bonolo le bolelele bo phahameng ba restic (ho fihla ho 400%). Lesela le lohiloeng le na le litšoaneleho tsa ho boloka mocheso o ka tšeptjoang, sekoahelo se setle le drape, khanya e bonolo joalo-joalo. E loketse ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho loha masela a sutu a kang masela a kang boea le serge, liaparo tsa ka ntle, lijase le masela a fapa-fapaneng a khabisitsoeng a kang likharetene, lesela la tafole, lesela la sofa joalo-joalo.

5. Nylon

Nylon, e tsejoang hape e le Polyamide, e entsoe ke rasaense ea hlahelletseng oa Amerika Carothers le sehlopha sa lipatlisiso tsa saense tlas'a boetapele ba hae. E ne e le lekhetlo la pele faeba ea maiketsetso lefatšeng. Nylon ke lentsoe bakeng sa fiber ea polyamide (nylon). Ponahalo ea nylon e etsa hore textile e shebahale e le ncha ka ho feletseng. Tšimoloho ea eona ke katleho e kholo indastering ea fiber ea maiketsetso, empa hape ke mohato oa bohlokoa haholo k'hemistri ea polymer. Monyetla o hlahelletseng ka ho fetesisa oa nylon ke hore khanyetso ea ho roala e phahame ho feta likhoele tse ling kaofela, khanyetso ea ho roala e phahame ka makhetlo a 10 ho feta k'hothone, makhetlo a 20 ho feta boea, ho eketsa fiber ea nylon hanyane ka har'a lesela le kopantsoeng, ho ka ntlafatsa haholo ho hanyetsa ha eona. , ha e otlolloa ho 3-6%, sekhahla sa ho hlaphoheloa se ka fihla ho 100%; E ka mamella mashome a likete a ho kobeha ntle le ho robeha. Matla a fiber ea nylon a phahame ka makhetlo a 1-2 ho feta a k'hothone, ka makhetlo a 4-5 ho feta a boea, le makhetlo a 3 a fiber ea viscose. Leha ho le joalo, fiber ea polyamide e na le mocheso o fokolang le ho hanyetsa khanya le ho se ts'oane hantle, ho etsa hore liaparo li se ke tsa hloeka joaloka polyester. Fiber ea nylon e ka kopanngoa kapa ea hloekisoa ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea knitwear. Filamente ea nylon e sebelisoa indastering ea ho loha le ea silika, joalo ka li-stockings tsa nylon, gauze ea nylon, nete ea menoang, lesela la nylon, liaparo tsa ka ntle tsa nylon, silika ea nylon kapa lihlahisoa tsa silika tse lohiloeng. Fiber e tloaelehileng ea nylon e sebelisoa haholo ho tsoakana le boea kapa lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa fiber ho etsa mefuta e fapaneng ea masela a sa tsitsang.

6. Flax Fiber

Flax fiber ke tlhale e fumanoang ho tsoa limela tse ngata tsa folaxe. Fiber ea folaxe ke fiber ea cellulose eo lesela la eona le nang le litšobotsi tse tšoanang le tsa k'hothone. Flax Fiber (ho kenyeletsoa ramie le folaxe) e ka ohloa e hloekile kapa ea tsoakoa ka masela. Linen e na le litšoaneleho tsa matla a phahameng, ho monya mongobo o sebetsang hantle le conductivity e matla ea mocheso, haholo-holo matla a fiber ea pele ea tlhaho. fiber ea folaxe e na le melemo eo likhoele tse ling li ke keng tsa lekanngoa: e na le ts'ebetso ea ho monya mongobo hantle le moea, mocheso o potlakileng le conduction, e pholileng le e monate, mofufutso ha o haufi, sebopeho se bobebe, matla a matla, thibelo ea likokoanyana le hlobo, motlakase o fokolang o sa fetoheng. , Lesela ha le bonolo ho silafatsa, 'mala o bonolo le o fanang ka seatla se bulehileng, o bohale, o loketse ho tsoa le ho hlahisa letlalo la motho. Leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele ea fiber ea folaxe e fokotsehile ka lebaka la ho saroloha ha eona ho sa reng letho, khanyetso ea crease, ho hanyetsa ho hlaba le maikutlo a scratchy. Leha ho le joalo, ka nts'etsopele ea theknoloji e fapaneng ea kalafo le ka morao ho ts'ebetso, bofokoli bo bong ba eona ba tlhaho bo ntlafalitsoe haholo. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore har'a likhoele tse ngata tsa masela, fiber ea folaxe ke fiber ea tlhaho e nang le ts'ebetso e matla ka ho fetisisa. tlhale ea folaxe esale e le e 'ngoe ea likhoele tsa mantlha tsa masela naheng ea China 'me e na le botumo bo holimo lefatšeng.

7. Boea

Boea bo entsoe haholo ka protheine. Tšebeliso ea batho ea boea e ka saloa morao ho Mehla ea Neolithic, ho tloha Asia Bohareng ho ea Mediterranean le likarolong tse ling tsa lefats'e ho hasana, kahoo ea fetoha lisebelisoa tsa mantlha tsa masela Asia le Europe. Likhoele tsa boea li bonolo ebile li rekere, 'me li ka sebelisoa ho etsa masela a kang boea, boea, likobo, lesela le liaparo. Lihlahisoa tsa boea li ruile ho ama, ho boloka mocheso o motle, ho phutholoha ho apara joalo-joalo. Boea ke thepa e tala ea bohlokoa indastering ea masela. E na le melemo ea elasticity e ntle, ho monya mongobo ka nako e telele le ho boloka mocheso hantle. Empa ka lebaka la theko e phahameng, ke k'hothone, viscose, polyester le lisebelisoa tse ling tse kopantsoeng le fiber. Masela a boea a tumme ka mokhoa oa ona o khathollang oa bokhabane le boiketlo, 'me cashmere haholo-holo e na le botumo ba "khauta e bonolo".

8. Silika

Silika, e tsejoang hape e le silika e tala, ke mofuta oa tlhale ea tlhaho. Motho o ne a sebelisa e 'ngoe ea likhoele tse khōlō tsa liphoofolo. Silika ke karolo ea lihlahisoa tsa tsoelo-pele ea khale ea Machaena. Silika ke tlhale e bobebe ka ho fetisisa, e bonolo ka ho fetisisa ebile e ntle ka ho fetisisa tlhahong. E ka khutlisetsoa boemong ba eona ba pele habonolo ka mor'a hore e tlosoe matleng a ka ntle. Lesela la silika le na le phefumoloho e ntle haholo ea moea le ho kenella ha mongobo. Silika e entsoe haholo ka protheine ea liphoofolo 'me e ruile mefuta e 18 ea li-amino acid tse hlokahalang bakeng sa' mele oa motho, tse ka khothalletsang matla a lisele tsa letlalo le ho thibela ho thatafala ha methapo ea mali. Ho apara lesela la silika ka nako e telele ho ka thibela ho tsofala ha letlalo 'me ho na le phello e khethehileng ea ho thibela ho hlohlona ho mafu a mang a letlalo. Lesela la silika le na le botumo ba "letlalo la bobeli la 'mele oa motho" le "fiber queen".

9. Spandex

Spandex ke mofuta oa fiber e otlolohileng, lebitso la tsamaiso polyurethane fiber. Spandex e ile ea phahamisoa ka katleho ke Bayer Jeremane ka 1937, ’me DuPont United States e ile ea qala tlhahiso ea indasteri ka 1959. Spandex e na le elasticity e babatsehang. Matla a phahame ka makhetlo a 2 ~ 3 ho feta a silika ea latex, ho teteana ha mela e ntle, 'me ho hanyetsana le ho senyeha ha lik'hemik'hale. Spandex e na le asiti e ntle le alkaline e hanyetsanang le alkaline, e thibela ho fufuleloa, ho thibela metsi a leoatle, ho thibela ho hloekisa ha metsi le ho se mamelle.

Spandex ke fiber ea maiketsetso e nang le bolelele bo sa tloaelehang (ho feta 400%), modulus e tlase le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho hlaphoheloa. Hobane spandex e na le tekanyo e phahameng ea ho atolosa, e ka sebelisoa ho etsa liaparo tse otlolohileng haholo. Joalo ka: Liaparo tsa profeshenale, sutu ea boikoetliso, sutu ea ho qoela, sutu ea ho sesa, sutu ea tlholisano ea ho sesa, sutu ea basketball, bra, suspenders, ski pants, jeans, li-slacks, likausi, li-leg warmer, maleiri, lithaele, liaparo tsa ka hare, li-onesie, liaparo tse koalang lacing, liaparo tse sireletsang bakeng sa ho buuoa, liaparo tsa tšireletso bakeng sa mabotho a tsamaiso, ho palama baesekele ea matsoho a makhutšoane, vest ea ho betana, sutu ea ho soka sekepe, liaparo tsa ka hare, liaparo tsa tšebetso, Liaparo tsa boleng, joalo-joalo.